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Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) cell extract is a postbiotic preparation derived from the standard probiotic strain *Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus* GG. It is being investigated as a complementary anticancer therapy, particularly for colorectal cancer. Research indicates that the extract, containing bacterial metabolites and cellular components, can selectively induce apoptosis and decrease viability in human colon cancer cell lines (such as HT-29) while providing a cytoprotective effect on normal cells (such as HEK-293) against chemotherapy-induced toxicity. When used in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the extract appears to enhance anti-tumor immunity by stimulating the production of Th17-related cytokines, including IL-17A, IFN-γ, and TNF-α.
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