Lactobacillus rhamnosus GMNL-464

**Lactobacillus rhamnosus GMNL-464** is a specific probiotic strain isolated from the human intestine, deposited at CGMCC (China General Microbiological Culture Collection) under deposit number CCTCC No. M2015610. It is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, non-motile, facultative anaerobic bacterium with optimal growth at 25-45°C and pH 4.0-10.0, featuring a partial 16S rDNA sequence (SEQ ID NO: 3) confirming its identity as L. rhamnosus. This strain, often used heat-inactivated (90-121°C for 15-30 minutes), inhibits adhesion of oral pathogens such as Fusobacterium nucleatum (ATCC 25586) to gingival cells and demonstrates synergistic effects in combinations with L. paracasei GMNL-143 and L. helveticus GMNL-164 for preventing bacterial adhesion in the oral cavity. It is incorporated into probiotic toothpastes for gingivitis management and shows coaggregation with oral bacteria, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines while promoting anti-inflammatory responses and inhibiting pathogens like Streptococcus mutans.[1][3]