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Lactobacillus salivarius V4II-90 is a specific probiotic bacterial strain investigated for its ability to reduce Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization in pregnant women. GBS, or *Streptococcus agalactiae*, is a significant cause of neonatal infections, and maternal colonization is a primary risk factor. The strain is intended to be administered orally to modulate the vaginal and rectal microbiota, utilizing mechanisms such as competitive exclusion, production of organic acids (like lactic acid), and potentially bacteriocins to inhibit GBS growth. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (NCT03669094) has evaluated the efficacy of this strain in GBS-positive pregnant women to lower the incidence of colonization before delivery, thereby potentially reducing the need for intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis.
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