laquinimod

Laquinimod is an orally administered small molecule immunomodulator developed by Active Biotech and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries. It is primarily investigated for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), primary-progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS), Huntington's disease, and severe inflammatory eye diseases such as non-infectious uveitis. Laquinimod exhibits both anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Its mechanism involves targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in antigen-presenting cells, reprogramming them to promote regulatory T cell differentiation and dampen inflammation. Additional proposed mechanisms include inhibition of microglial activation, reduction of leukocyte migration into the CNS, increased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), prevention of inflammation-induced excitotoxicity, and direct neuroprotection within the central nervous system[1][4][6][7]. Laquinimod has shown efficacy in reducing MRI disease activity in MS trials and slowing disability progression[5][7].

Brand names

Nerventra

Other names

laquinimod [INN]5-chloro-N-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-N-phenyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide