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Latilactobacillus sakei LB-P12 is a specific probiotic strain isolated from kimchi, currently under investigation for its therapeutic potential in managing knee osteoarthritis (OA). The drug operates via the gut-joint axis, where it modulates the host's immune response and systemic inflammation. Preclinical studies in rat models and an exploratory Phase 2 randomized controlled trial have demonstrated that LB-P12 significantly reduces chronic knee pain, stiffness, and physical limitations. Mechanistically, it suppresses the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) signaling pathways, which are critical regulators of inflammation and cartilage degradation. This suppression leads to a decrease in pro-inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), as well as the catabolic enzyme matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13). LB-P12 is administered orally at a daily dose of 10 billion CFU and has shown a favorable safety profile with no reported adverse events.
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