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Lemongrass oil is an essential oil extracted from the leaves and stalks of the tropical plant Cymbopogon citratus (and related species). It is composed primarily of bioactive compounds such as citral (a mixture of neral and geranial), limonene, geraniol, citronellal, citronellol, and others. Lemongrass oil exhibits a range of pharmacological activities including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic (pain-relieving), antiprotozoal and anxiolytic effects. Its mechanism of action is largely attributed to its ability to disrupt microbial cell membranes (antimicrobial effect), inhibit proinflammatory cytokines (anti-inflammatory effect), scavenge free radicals (antioxidant effect), and modulate immune responses. Traditionally used in aromatherapy for stress relief and mood enhancement as well as in folk medicine for digestive issues and pain relief. Clinical studies suggest potential benefits in treating skin infections such as pitted keratolysis or pityriasis versicolor; oral health conditions like periodontitis or gingivitis; muscle pain; rheumatoid arthritis symptoms; fever reduction; blood sugar regulation; lipid profile improvement; immune system support; edema reduction; insect repellent use. Lemongrass oil is also widely used as a flavoring agent in foods.
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