levodopa

Levodopa is a small molecule and the metabolic precursor to dopamine. It is primarily used as a dopamine replacement agent in the management of Parkinson's disease and other forms of parkinsonism. Levodopa crosses the blood-brain barrier and is converted to dopamine in the brain by dopa decarboxylase. This increase in central dopamine levels helps alleviate motor symptoms such as tremor and rigidity associated with Parkinson's disease. Because peripheral conversion of levodopa to dopamine can cause side effects like nausea before it reaches the brain, it is almost always administered with a peripheral dopa decarboxylase inhibitor (such as carbidopa or benserazide) to enhance its efficacy and tolerability[1][2][3][4][5]. Levodopa has been approved for use since 1975 (as part of Sinemet), with multiple formulations available including oral tablets (immediate-release and controlled-release), intestinal gel (Duodopa/Duopa), and inhalation powder (Inbrija)[4][5]. Developers include Merck.

Brand names

CrexontDhivyDuodopaDuopaInbrijaParcopaProlopaRytarySinemetStalevoMadopar

Other names

L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine