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Ligusticum chuanxiong extract is a preparation derived from the rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., a perennial plant widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The extract contains over 100 metabolites, including key bioactive compounds such as ligustilide, tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), ferulic acid, ligustrazine, cnidilide, and polysaccharides. The pharmacological actions of the extract include vasodilation, antiplatelet activity, protection of endothelial cells, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects. Mechanistically, it acts through complex multi-target pathways, inhibiting oxidative stress, modulating MAPK and NF-κB signaling, and improving hemodynamics and microvascular circulation. The primary clinical indications are cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs) such as atherosclerosis, myocardial and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, hypertension, stroke, and cognitive impairment associated with vascular dementia. Other uses include analgesic and anti-inflammatory indications for headache, pain disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions.
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