lithospermum erythrorhizon root

Lithospermum (specifically *Lithospermum erythrorhizon*, known as Zicao in Chinese medicine) is a botanical drug derived from the dried root of the plant. It is widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Japanese Kampo medicine for its cooling, blood-detoxifying, and wound-healing properties. The primary active constituents are naphthoquinone pigments, including shikonin and its derivatives like acetylshikonin. These compounds possess significant anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and potential antineoplastic activities. Shikonin acts by inhibiting pro-inflammatory signaling pathways such as NF-κB and MAPK, and reducing the expression of cytokines like TNF-α. Topically, it is a common ingredient in ointments for treating burns, eczema, and psoriasis.

Other names

紫草ZicaoPurple GromwellLithospermum erythrorhizonGromwell rootLithospermi Radixlithospermum