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mAb171 is a monoclonal antibody that acts as a potent agonist of the Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells 2 (TREM2). TREM2 is a transmembrane receptor primarily expressed on microglia in the central nervous system, where it plays a critical role in sensing lipid ligands associated with neurodegeneration, such as amyloid-beta plaques. By binding to the extracellular domain of TREM2, mAb171 stabilizes the receptor on the cell surface and triggers downstream signaling pathways, including the recruitment of DAP12 and activation of SYK. This activation enhances microglial functions such as phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and survival, while modulating inflammatory responses. In preclinical models of Alzheimer's disease, mAb171 has demonstrated the ability to reduce amyloid-beta pathology and mitigate neuroinflammation, making it a significant research tool for investigating TREM2-targeted therapeutic strategies in neurodegenerative disorders.
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