malic acid

Malic acid is a naturally occurring alpha hydroxy acid found in various fruits, especially apples. It plays a key role as an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (Krebs) cycle, which is essential for cellular energy production. Malic acid is used as a food additive for its sour taste and acidity and is also present in cosmetics and dietary supplements. Medically, it has been investigated for use in conditions such as xerostomia (dry mouth), fibromyalgia, depression, fatigue, acne, wrinkled skin, and hypertension; however, robust clinical evidence supporting these uses is limited[1][2][3][7]. Its mechanism of action includes stimulating saliva production when used topically or orally for dry mouth by increasing hydronium ion concentration to trigger salivary gland secretion[7]. In supplements or topical products for skin care or health issues it acts primarily through its acidic properties to exfoliate dead skin cells[1][4].

Other names

2-hydroxybutanedioic acidhydroxybutanedioic acidapple acid