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**MDR1 siRNA** refers to small interfering RNA molecules designed to specifically silence the expression of the MDR1 gene, which encodes the ATP-dependent drug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp or ABCB1). Overexpression of MDR1/P-gp is a major mechanism of multidrug resistance (MDR) in various cancers, contributing to decreased intracellular accumulation of chemotherapeutic drugs and reduced drug efficacy. MDR1 siRNA functions through the mechanism of RNA interference (RNAi), leading to degradation of MDR1 mRNA and decreasing P-gp protein levels in target cells. This knockdown restores drug sensitivity by inhibiting drug efflux, increasing intracellular drug accumulation, and overcoming drug resistance in cancer models, including ovarian cancer, yolk sac carcinoma, breast cancer, and osteosarcoma[1][2][3][4][6]. MDR1 siRNA can be delivered as naked RNA, through plasmids, or encapsulated in nanocarriers, microbubbles, or targeted nanoparticles to enhance cellular uptake and therapeutic effect[1][2][6]. It is primarily under investigation as a research tool and for potential use in gene therapy approaches combined with chemotherapy for drug-resistant cancers.
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