melatonin

Melatonin is a naturally occurring indoleamine hormone primarily produced by the pineal gland in the brain. It regulates circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycles by acting as a full agonist at melatonin receptor 1 (MT1) and melatonin receptor 2 (MT2), both of which are G-protein coupled receptors. Melatonin also functions as an antioxidant within mitochondria, directly scavenging free radicals and upregulating antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase. As a supplement or drug—usually synthesized in laboratories—it is used to manage sleep disorders like insomnia and delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSWPD), jet lag, preoperative anxiety, and certain circadian rhythm disturbances. In some countries it is regulated as a dietary supplement; in others it may be classified as a medication[1][3][4][5][6][8].

Brand names

CircadinMelatonexSlenyto

Other names

褪黑素褪黑激素松果体素N-乙酰基-5-甲氧基色胺