melphalan + mitomycin C + vindesine

This is a combination chemotherapy regimen consisting of three agents—melphalan, mitomycin C, and vindesine. Each component is a small molecule antineoplastic drug with distinct mechanisms of action: - **Melphalan** is an alkylating agent (nitrogen mustard derivative) that cross-links DNA strands, inhibiting DNA and RNA synthesis and leading to cell death. - **Mitomycin C** is an antitumor antibiotic that acts as an alkylating agent after metabolic activation, causing DNA cross-linking and inhibition of DNA synthesis. - **Vindesine** is a vinca alkaloid that inhibits microtubule assembly by binding to tubulin, thereby arresting cells in metaphase during mitosis. This combination has been studied primarily for the treatment of refractory metastatic breast cancer in heavily pretreated patients. The regimen has demonstrated moderate efficacy as palliative therapy with manageable toxicity profiles[1].