mesenchymal stem cell

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells capable of differentiating into a variety of cell types, including osteoblasts (bone), chondrocytes (cartilage), and adipocytes (fat). They can be isolated from multiple tissues such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord blood, and placental tissue. MSCs are widely studied for their regenerative properties and immunomodulatory effects. Their mechanism of action includes homing to sites of injury or inflammation where they secrete bioactive molecules—growth factors, cytokines, extracellular vesicles—that promote tissue repair by modulating immune responses, reducing inflammation and fibrosis, stimulating angiogenesis (new blood vessel formation), and supporting the survival and proliferation of endogenous cells. Clinically investigated indications include neurological disorders (e.g., multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease), autoimmune diseases, musculoskeletal injuries (e.g., osteoarthritis), diabetes complications, liver cirrhosis/fibrosis, cardiovascular diseases such as cardiac ischemia or stroke recovery. MSC therapies may use autologous or allogeneic sources; their low immunogenicity allows transplantation with minimal risk of rejection[6][8][10].

Other names

mesenchymal stromal cellMSCsmesenchymal stem cells