mesenchymal stem cell apoptotic vesicle

Mesenchymal stem cell apoptotic vesicles (MSC-ApoEVs or ApoVs) are extracellular vesicles released by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) during apoptosis. These nano- to micron-sized particles contain a rich cargo of miRNAs, proteins, and metabolites that mediate intercellular communication and exert various biological effects. Unlike live MSC therapy—which is limited by rapid apoptosis post-transplantation—MSC-apoptotic vesicles have been shown to retain and even enhance the regenerative and immunomodulatory properties of their parent cells. They promote tissue regeneration in skin, hair follicles, bone, muscle, vascular system and may modulate immune responses. Mechanistically, they can deliver bioactive molecules to recipient cells influencing processes such as angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels), autophagy activation in target tissues for repair/regeneration (e.g., dental pulp), modulation of bone metabolism via specific signaling axes (e.g., miR1324/SNX14/SMAD1/5), attenuation of inflammation or sepsis through neutrophil regulation (NETosis/apoptosis switch), among others. Additionally, these vesicles are being explored as natural drug delivery vehicles due to their biocompatibility and targeting capabilities[1][2].

Other names

MSC-ApoEVMSC-ApoVmesenchymal stem cell-derived apoptotic extracellular vesiclemesenchymal stem cell-derived apoptotic vesiclesMSCs-ApoEVsMSCs-ApoVs