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Mesterolone is a synthetic anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) and a derivative of dihydrotestosterone (DHT). It is primarily used in the treatment of male hypogonadism (low testosterone), androgen deficiency, oligozoospermia (low sperm count), Leydig cell failure, and infertility due to low natural hormone levels. Mesterolone acts as an agonist at the androgen receptor but is considered a weak androgen because it is rapidly inactivated by 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in skeletal muscle. Unlike testosterone and some other AAS, mesterolone cannot be converted to estrogen via aromatase and therefore does not exhibit estrogenic effects. It was developed in the 1960s by Schering and introduced under the brand name Proviron. Mesterolone has also been studied for potential use in depression but remains mainly indicated for male hormone replacement therapy[1][2][4][5].
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