miR-124-PD-1

miR-124-PD-1 is an experimental dual-gene therapy platform that combines microRNA-124 (miR-124), a tumor-suppressive microRNA, with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) modulation. The approach typically involves the co-delivery of both miR-124 and PD-1 genes using vectors such as umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and exosomes. miR-124 is known to inhibit tumor proliferation, promote apoptosis, suppress malignant transformation, and enhance sensitivity to anti-tumor drugs by targeting multiple oncogenic pathways. PD-1 modulation aims to enhance anti-tumor immune responses by blocking immune checkpoint pathways that tumors exploit for immune evasion. This combination strategy is being investigated primarily for glioblastoma therapy but may have broader applications in oncology[7][6][2].