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miR-21 anti-miRNA inhibitors (also known as anti-miR-21 or miR-21 antagomirs) represent a therapeutic platform of antisense oligonucleotides designed to specifically bind and neutralize microRNA-21 (miR-21). miR-21 is a potent "oncomir" frequently overexpressed in a wide range of solid tumors, including kidney, breast, and colorectal cancers, where it functions by suppressing the expression of various tumor suppressor genes such as PTEN, PDCD4, and TPM1. By binding to the mature miR-21 sequence, these inhibitors prevent it from interacting with its mRNA targets, thereby restoring tumor-suppressive signaling, inducing apoptosis, and inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis. While specific clinical candidates like lademirsen (RG-012) have been developed for conditions such as Alport syndrome and kidney disease, the term "miR-21 anti-miRNA inhibitor" serves as a generic descriptor for the modality and target combination used in both preclinical research and therapeutic development.
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