mitoxantrone + etoposide

Mitoxantrone + etoposide is a **combination chemotherapy regimen** consisting of two cytotoxic agents: **mitoxantrone**, an anthracenedione antineoplastic agent, and **etoposide**, a topoisomerase II inhibitor. The combination is primarily used as a salvage regimen for adults with **relapsed or refractory acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)**. Mitoxantrone acts by intercalating into DNA and inhibiting topoisomerase II, resulting in DNA strand breaks and apoptosis. Etoposide also inhibits topoisomerase II, causing errors in DNA replication and leading to cell death. This regimen is considered highly active, producing significant complete and partial remission rates in refractory and poor-risk AML, and is generally well-tolerated, with myelosuppression and mucositis as common toxicities[1][3][7].