modified apple polysaccharide

Modified apple polysaccharide (MAP) is a naturally derived polysaccharide extract from apples that has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and potential anticancer properties in preclinical models. MAP is primarily investigated for its protective effects against colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Mechanistically, MAP appears to modulate the immune response by downregulating inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6) and upregulating anti-inflammatory mediators (e.g., IL-10), thus promoting mucosal healing and reducing intestinal inflammation[1]. In the context of colitis-associated cancer, MAP competes with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for binding to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), thereby suppressing the LPS/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, which is implicated in inflammation-driven carcinogenesis and metastasis[2]. MAP also modulates the expression of IL-22 and its binding protein (IL-22BP), shifting the balance toward tissue protection and reducing pathological inflammation[3]. In animal models, MAP has been shown to reduce disease activity indices, improve mucosal barrier function, and promote intestinal tissue repair[1][3]. Its therapeutic effects are attributed to both direct anti-inflammatory actions and indirect modulation of the gut microbiota. MAP has also been formulated into mini tablets for targeted colonic delivery and has been tested in combination with other agents like mesalamine and probiotics for enhanced efficacy in ulcerative colitis[6].

Other names

modified apple polysaccharideapple polysaccharide extract