monascin

Monascin is an azaphilonoid pigment extracted from Monascus species-fermented rice (red yeast rice/red-mold rice). It is a natural compound with the molecular formula C21H26O5. Monascin functions as a **Nrf2 activator** and **PPARγ agonist**, demonstrating multiple therapeutic properties including antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antilipemic, and neuroprotective activities. It has shown efficacy in inhibiting carcinogenesis in chemical or UV-initiated, phorbol-promoted mouse skin tumors. Monascin has been investigated for treating intracerebral hemorrhage by promoting hematoma clearance and reducing edema through PPARγ and Nrf2 pathways. It also demonstrates antidiabetic effects by regulating the FOXO/DAF-16-dependent insulin signaling pathway and enhancing oxidative stress resistance. Additional research has explored its potential in preventing alcoholic liver disease through AMPK-mediated lipid metabolism regulation.

Other names

monascoflavinemonascoflavin