mRNA-4157 + chemotherapy

**mRNA-4157 + chemotherapy** refers to the investigational use of the personalized mRNA cancer vaccine mRNA-4157 (also called V940) in combination with chemotherapy agents. mRNA-4157 is an individualized mRNA-based neoantigen therapy encoding up to 34 patient-specific tumor neoantigens, designed to enhance antitumor T-cell responses by targeting unique tumor mutations. The combination is being explored in multiple cancers, with most recent high-profile studies evaluating mRNA-4157 in combination with pembrolizumab (an immune checkpoint inhibitor), sometimes following or in the context of chemotherapy, especially in non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma. mRNA-4157 is developed by Moderna in partnership with Merck & Co (MSD). The vaccine’s mechanism is to stimulate immune recognition and destruction of tumor cells by presenting patient-specific neoantigen peptides. When used alongside chemotherapy, the objective is to synergize direct tumor cell killing with heightened immune-mediated tumor clearance.