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MSC-IL-12 is an experimental cell therapy platform consisting of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) genetically engineered to secrete Interleukin-12 (IL-12). This approach leverages the innate tumor-homing capabilities (tropism) of MSCs to provide localized delivery of IL-12 directly into the tumor microenvironment, thereby minimizing systemic toxicity associated with recombinant IL-12 administration. In preclinical studies for glioblastoma, MSC-IL-12 has been shown to promote the infiltration of CD4+ T cells and NK cells, reduce regulatory T cell (Treg) populations, and polarize microglia toward an immune-favorable M1-like activated state. When combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors, it demonstrates synergistic antitumor activity and the induction of long-term immunological memory against tumor rechallenge.
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