MVA-NP+M1 + seasonal influenza vaccine

MVA-NP+M1 + seasonal influenza vaccine is an experimental combination immunization consisting of a **recombinant Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vector vaccine** expressing influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP) and matrix protein 1 (M1) antigens as a fusion protein (MVA-NP+M1), administered alongside a standard licensed **seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine** (for example, quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine [QIV], such as Fluzone). MVA-NP+M1 is designed to boost **T-cell responses** to conserved internal influenza A virus antigens (NP and M1), providing cross-reactive cellular immunity expected to protect against multiple influenza A subtypes, including strains not well matched by standard seasonal vaccines. The seasonal influenza vaccine component targets antibody responses to viral surface antigens (mainly hemagglutinin and neuraminidase), providing typical strain-specific protection. Clinical trials have focused on improving protection, especially in older adults, by combining robust T-cell immunity from MVA-NP+M1 with humoral responses from the seasonal vaccine. Early-phase studies have shown increased T-cell responses, but efficacy (protection from clinical disease) has not yet been demonstrated in large trials, and the approach remains experimental.