myrtucommulone A

Myrtucommulone A is a natural *phloroglucinol derivative* originally isolated from the Mediterranean shrub *Myrtus communis* (family Myrtaceae)[1][3]. It exhibits significant **antioxidant** and **anti-inflammatory** activities, acting as a potent inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), 5-lipoxygenase, and microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1), thereby suppressing eicosanoid biosynthesis[1][3]. Myrtucommulone A prevents prostaglandin formation without prominent COX inhibition and avoids the associated side effects of traditional NSAIDs[1][3]. Additional actions include suppression of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibition of elastase release, and prevention of Ca2+ mobilization in leukocytes[1]. It also induces apoptosis in various cancer cell lines through mitochondrial (intrinsic) pathways, including dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential, suppression of ATP synthesis, direct modulation of mitochondrial chaperone HSP60, and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)[1]. Myrtucommulone A is being researched for potential applications in cancer, inflammation, cardiovascular, and allergic diseases[1][3].

Other names

1,4,7,9,13-pentamethyl-6,12-bis(2-methylpropanoyl)-10,14-dihydroxy-3,5,8,11,15-pentaoxo-2,16-dioxatetrahydro[4,3,2,7,8,9]dodecacyclotetradeca-10,12,14-nonaketone4,4′-[(2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-isobutyryl-1,3-phenylene)bis(2-methylpropylidene)]bis(5-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylcyclohex-4-ene-1,3-dione)