n-ethyl-n-nitrosourea

n-ethyl-n-nitrosourea (ENU) is a synthetic, highly potent mutagen and alkylating agent of the nitrosourea chemical class. It acts mainly by transferring its ethyl group to nucleobases (primarily thymine) in nucleic acids, leading to point mutations[5][9]. ENU is routinely used in genetic research, especially for mutagenesis studies in animal models—most notably in mice—because it induces new mutations at a much higher rate than spontaneous mutation or other chemical agents[5]. The compound is also recognized for its cytotoxicity and carcinogenic properties, causing cell death through direct DNA damage. Historically, it was studied as an experimental chemotherapy agent but is not used clinically due to toxicity. ENU is listed as a probable human carcinogen (IARC Group 2A) and poses a significant occupational and environmental health hazard[4][1].

Other names

n-nitroso-n-ethylureaethylnitrosourea1-ethyl-1-nitrosoureanitrosoethylureacarbamide n-ethyl-n-nitrosourea 1-ethyl-1-nitrosourea1-ethyl-1-nitrosourea-1-ethyl-1-nitroso