naja naja atra venom

**Naja naja atra venom** is the crude venom derived from the Chinese cobra (Naja atra, formerly Naja naja atra), a cobra species native to southern China and neighboring regions. The venom is a complex mixture of bioactive peptides and proteins, including **cardiotoxins**, **cobratoxin (neurotoxin alpha-cobratoxin)**, **cobra venom factor**, **phospholipase A2**, and other enzymatic/non-enzymatic proteins. Medically, the crude venom—or fractions of it—has been studied primarily in animal models for its **anti-inflammatory** and **immunomodulatory** effects. Notably, research in mice has shown that oral administration of naja naja atra venom can protect against manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus by reducing proteinuria, attenuating lymphadenopathy, decreasing inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha), and modulating immune complex deposition and organ pathology[1]. Some studies have also suggested a protective effect in models of nephropathy and rheumatoid arthritis[1]. However, as a crude venom, it is not an approved pharmaceutical drug but rather a biological mixture of investigational and traditional medicine interest.

Other names

Chinese cobra venomNaja atra venomTaiwan cobra venomcobra venom