nano-cyclosporine A

Nano-cyclosporine A refers to various nanoparticle-based formulations of cyclosporine A (CsA), a potent immunosuppressant. Cyclosporine A is a cyclic polypeptide composed of 11 amino acids that acts primarily as a calcineurin inhibitor. Its mechanism involves forming a complex with the cytosolic protein cyclophilin, which then inhibits the phosphatase activity of calcineurin. This inhibition prevents the dephosphorylation of the nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NF-AT), thereby reducing the transcription of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and other cytokines essential for T-cell activation and proliferation. Additionally, cyclosporine A can inhibit the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), contributing to cardioprotective effects. The nano-formulations are developed to improve drug delivery, enhance penetration (especially for topical applications), increase solubility, and potentially mitigate systemic side effects such as nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity associated with conventional cyclosporine A. These formulations are being explored for various autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, including ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis, with a focus on targeted delivery and reduced systemic exposure.

Other names

nanoparticle-based cyclosporine Acyclosporine A nanocapsulescyclosporine A nanosuspensioncyclosporine A nanocrystalstopical nano-capsule formulation of cyclosporine