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Neem oil is a complex plant oil extracted primarily from the seeds of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica). It contains a mixture of biologically active compounds, including significant fatty acids (oleic, stearic, palmitic, and linoleic acids) and limonoids such as azadirachtin. Traditionally, neem oil has been used in Ayurvedic and Unani medicine for its **antibacterial**, **antiviral**, **antifungal**, **anti-inflammatory**, and **antioxidant** properties, primarily for topical therapy in skin disorders (such as acne, eczema, ringworm, ulcers), wound healing, and as a blood-purifying agent. The oil has also shown potential spermicidal and contraceptive effects, and is widely used in dental care and pet care products for its antimicrobial action. Its principal mechanism is believed to be disruption of microbial cell walls and modulation of inflammatory pathways. Azadirachtin, the key limonoid component, is notable for its insecticidal activity in agricultural use. Most human data are anecdotal or from animal/in vitro models; robust clinical evidence is limited.[1][3][5][7][9][10]
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