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Neixiao Ruanmai Decoction is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herbal formulation developed for the treatment of carotid atherosclerosis and related vascular conditions. It is administered as a decoction and has been studied in both clinical trials and animal models. The primary mechanism of action appears to involve modulation of the gut microbiota, inhibition of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) inflammatory pathway, and protection of intestinal barrier function. Clinical studies have shown that it can reduce carotid plaque area and thickness while improving serum inflammatory markers over treatment courses ranging from 12 to 24 weeks[1][2][8][10]. The decoction is rooted in TCM principles aimed at resolving phlegm, dispersing nodules or plaques, invigorating blood circulation, and softening hard masses.
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