neoantigen personalized mRNA vaccine

Neoantigen personalized mRNA vaccines are fully individualized cancer vaccines that encode tumor-specific neoantigens—novel antigens resulting from somatic mutations in a patient's tumor cells. By sequencing the tumor exome and/or transcriptome, unique neoantigens are identified and then encoded into an mRNA construct tailored for the individual patient. The vaccine is delivered, typically using lipid nanoparticle (LNP) technology, to stimulate antigen-presenting cells (APCs), predominantly dendritic cells, which present these neoantigens to T cells. This process elicits a strong, tumor-directed adaptive immune response, particularly activating neoantigen-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and CD4+ helper T cells. The mRNA platform allows rapid, cell-free, and scalable production, and offers high safety due to its non-integrating nature. Both non-replicating mRNA and self-amplifying mRNA (SAM) platforms are used. Clinical trials have demonstrated feasibility, safety, immunogenicity, and preliminary antitumor activity for various cancers, notably melanoma and glioblastoma[1][5][6][7]. This vaccine class is under broad investigation in oncology as part of personalized immunotherapy strategies.

Brand names

neoantigen personalized mRNA vaccine

Other names

personalized neoantigen mRNA vaccinemRNA neoantigen vaccine