neoantigen viral vector vaccine

A neoantigen viral vector vaccine is a personalized cancer immunotherapy platform that utilizes viral vectors—such as Great Ape Adenovirus (GAd) or Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA)—to deliver genetic sequences encoding tumor-specific neoantigens (nAgs). These neoantigens are unique to an individual patient's tumor and are identified through genomic sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. Once administered, the viral vector infects host cells, leading to the expression of the encoded neoantigens and the induction of a robust, polyfunctional CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell response against the tumor. This approach is frequently evaluated in neoadjuvant (pre-surgery) or adjuvant (post-surgery) settings, often in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors like anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies to enhance antitumor immunity and prevent relapse. Key developers in this space include NousCom, Gritstone Bio, and Nykode Therapeutics.

Other names

personalized viral vaccineviral vector nAg vaccineneoantigen-based viral vector vaccine