nitroxoline

Nitroxoline is a small molecule urinary antibacterial agent primarily used for the treatment and prevention of urinary tract infections (UTIs). It is a hydroxyquinoline derivative with broad-spectrum activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria commonly found in UTIs. Nitroxoline also exhibits antifungal properties and has demonstrated activity against mycoplasmas and certain Candida species. Its mechanism of action involves chelation of divalent metal cations (such as magnesium and manganese), which are essential cofactors for microbial enzymes, thereby inhibiting bacterial growth. Additionally, nitroxoline inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis by targeting bacterial DNA gyrase and may have antitumor effects through inhibition of type 2 methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP2), an enzyme involved in angiogenesis. The drug has been approved since the early 1960s in several countries for UTI treatment and is being investigated for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer[1][2][3][4][5].

Brand names

NitroxolineNibiolNiceneUro-Vaxom

Other names

5-nitro-8-hydroxyquinoline