nivolumab + BMS-986205 + BCG

This drug is a **combination therapy of three agents**: nivolumab (a fully human IgG4 monoclonal antibody against PD-1), BMS-986205 (a potent, selective, oral small molecule inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1, IDO1), and intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG, a live attenuated bacterial vaccine frequently used as immunotherapy for bladder cancer). - **Nivolumab** blocks the PD-1 receptor on T-cells, preventing its interaction with PD-L1/PD-L2 and thereby enhancing anti-tumor immune responses. - **BMS-986205** inhibits IDO1, an enzyme that contributes to immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment by promoting tryptophan degradation and kynurenine production. - **BCG** stimulates local immune responses and has direct and indirect anti-tumor effects when delivered into the bladder. This combination is being investigated primarily for treatment of **BCG-unresponsive, high-risk, non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC)**, but the components are also under study in advanced cancers.

Brand names

Opdivo

Other names

BCGbacillus Calmette-Guérin