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NKTR-255 + durvalumab is an investigational combination therapy being studied primarily for the treatment of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) following chemoradiation. NKTR-255 is a novel polymer-conjugated recombinant human interleukin-15 (IL-15) receptor agonist designed to activate and expand natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T-cells while promoting the survival of memory T-cells. It works by engaging the IL-15 receptor complex to enhance both innate and adaptive immunity, leading to increased anti-tumor activity[4][5][10]. Durvalumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), blocking its interaction with PD-1 on immune cells. This releases inhibition on T-cells, allowing them to attack tumor cells more effectively[7]. Durvalumab is approved as consolidation therapy after chemoradiotherapy in stage III NSCLC and for other cancers such as urothelial carcinoma. The combination aims to restore lymphocyte counts after chemoradiation-induced lymphopenia and boost anti-tumor immune responses by combining checkpoint inhibition with cytokine-mediated immune cell expansion[2][5][9].
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