notoginsenoside R1

Notoginsenoside R1 is a major bioactive saponin compound isolated from the roots of *Panax notoginseng*, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb. It is classified as a panaxatriol saponin and is unique to *Panax notoginseng*[1][6][7]. Notoginsenoside R1 is not itself a pharmaceutical drug, but a pharmacologically active natural product and a commonly studied constituent of many traditional Chinese medicine products including Xuesaitong, Naodesheng, XueShuanTong, ShenMai, and QSYQ[1][5][6]. Notoginsenoside R1 exhibits multiple biological activities, including cardiovascular protection, neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative, anti-ischemia-reperfusion injury, liver protection, gastrointestinal protection, lung protection, bone metabolism regulation, renal protection, and anti-cancer effects[1][5][6][7][3]. Reported mechanisms of action include modulation of inflammation and signaling pathways such as upregulation of estrogen receptor α-dependent PI3K/AKT and NRF2, downregulation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and MAPK pathways, inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase activity, regulation of cytokine expression (including IL-6, TNF, MMP9), and preferential neuroprotection via interactions with NMDA receptors containing NR1/NR2B subunits[1][2][3][7]. Clinical evidence is largely preclinical and further studies are needed for high-quality clinical confirmation[6]. Notoginsenoside R1 has a role as a plant metabolite, an antioxidant, a neuroprotective agent, an apoptosis modulator, and a phytoestrogen[3].

Other names

notoginsenoside R1NGR1NGR-1NGR 1NG-R1NG-R-1NG-R 1