oncolytic HSV1

Oncolytic HSV-1 (oHSV-1) refers to a platform of cancer immunotherapies based on genetically engineered Herpes Simplex Virus type 1. These viruses are modified to selectively infect, replicate within, and destroy neoplastic cells while sparing normal tissue. Common genetic modifications include the deletion of neurovirulence genes such as ICP34.5 ($\gamma$34.5), which restricts viral replication to cells with defective antiviral signaling pathways (like PKR), a hallmark of many cancers. Some investigational agents, such as CAN-3110, utilize tumor-specific promoters (e.g., Nestin) to drive the expression of essential viral genes, ensuring selective potency. The therapeutic effect is dual: direct viral-mediated oncolysis and the induction of a systemic anti-tumor immune response (the 'in situ vaccination' effect) triggered by the release of tumor-associated antigens and inflammatory cytokines. Recent clinical data suggests that host factors, such as pre-existing HSV-1 seropositivity, may significantly enhance the efficacy of certain oHSV-1 agents in indications like glioblastoma by promoting robust T-cell activation.

Other names

oHSV-1oHSV1oHSV 1oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1oncolytic HSV-1