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orange oil
- Development stage
- Unknown
- Modality
- Metabolically Activated Prodrugs → Prodrugs/Conditional Activator Small Molecules → Small Molecules, Classical Binding Small Molecules → Small Molecules
- Administration
- Inhalation, Topical
01
Overview
Orange oil is an essential oil extracted from the peel of oranges, primarily *Citrus sinensis* (sweet orange) or *Citrus aurantium* (bitter orange). Composed of over 90% d-limonene, it is widely utilized in aromatherapy for its anxiolytic, sedative, and analgesic properties. In clinical settings, inhalation of orange oil has been investigated as a non-pharmacological intervention to alleviate pain and anxiety during invasive procedures, such as intravenous cannulation, dental treatments, and post-operative recovery. Its therapeutic effects are mediated through the olfactory-limbic pathway, where volatile constituents interact with olfactory receptors to modulate brain activity, reduce salivary cortisol levels, and balance autonomic nervous system activity by increasing parasympathetic and decreasing sympathetic tone.
- Other names
- Citrus aurantium dulcis oilCitrus sinensis oilorange essential oilsweet orange oil
02
Targets
HTR1A (Serotonin receptor 1A (5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A))OR (Olfactory receptors)
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