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Oxandrolone is a synthetic androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) used to promote weight gain in various situations, such as after surgery, trauma, chronic infection, or prolonged corticosteroid therapy. It is also indicated for the relief of bone pain associated with osteoporosis and has been used off-label for conditions like Turner syndrome and idiopathic short stature. Mechanistically, oxandrolone acts as an agonist of the androgen receptor, mimicking the effects of testosterone to increase protein synthesis and muscle mass. It has strong anabolic effects with relatively weak androgenic activity compared to other steroids. Side effects include liver toxicity (including risk of tumors), changes in blood lipids that may increase cardiovascular risk, fluid retention, virilization in women and children, and potential negative impacts on growth in pediatric patients[1][2][3][4][5].
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