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panax quinquefolius saponin
- Development stage
- Preclinical
- Modality
- Metabolically Activated Prodrugs → Prodrugs/Conditional Activator Small Molecules → Small Molecules, Classical Binding Small Molecules → Small Molecules
- Administration
- Oral, Intraperitoneal
01
Overview
Panax quinquefolius saponin (PQS) is a botanical extract derived from the stem and leaves of American ginseng (*Panax quinquefolius*). It consists of a complex mixture of ginsenosides, which are bioactive steroid-like saponins known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vasoprotective properties. PQS is primarily investigated for its potential therapeutic effects in metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Research indicates that PQS can significantly improve vascular endothelial function by reducing the production of the vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 (ET-1) and modulating nitric oxide (NO) levels to prevent compensatory increases associated with endothelial damage. Additionally, PQS demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity by lowering levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), as well as plasma hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), thereby mitigating vascular stress and inflammatory responses.
- Other names
- American ginseng saponinsPanax quinquefolium saponinsPQS of stem and leaf
02
Targets
ICAM1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1)ET-1 (Endothelin-1)TNFA (Tumor necrosis factor alpha (soluble))Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) / Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) axisNF-κB
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