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MRx0005 is an orally administered, single-strain live biotherapeutic product (LBP) consisting of the bacterium *Parabacteroides distasonis*. [1, 4] It was being developed by 4D pharma for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. [3, 4] The proposed mechanism of action involves the gut-brain axis, where the drug candidate demonstrated the ability to reduce neuroinflammation, protect neurons from oxidative stress-induced death, and preserve dopamine metabolites in preclinical models. [1, 3, 9] The U.S. FDA cleared an Investigational New Drug (IND) application for a first-in-human Phase 1 clinical trial in early 2022. [1, 6] However, the developer, 4D pharma, entered administration in June 2022, and its intellectual property assets were subsequently sold to CJ Bioscience. [2, 8] As part of the administration process, the company's clinical trials were terminated. [8]
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