passiflora incarnata + crataegus oxyacantha + salix alba

This drug is a **combination of herbal extracts**: *Passiflora incarnata* (commonly known as passionflower), *Crataegus oxyacantha* (hawthorn), and *Salix alba* (white willow). These plants have traditionally been used in European phytotherapy formulations for their distinct properties. - **Passiflora incarnata** is primarily known for its sedative, anxiolytic (anti-anxiety), and hypnotic activities. It is used to manage insomnia, anxiety, nervousness, neuralgia, menopausal symptoms, and sometimes for mild pain. Mechanistically, evidence suggests that it modulates gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the central nervous system, resulting in a calming effect[1][2][3][4][5]. - **Crataegus oxyacantha** (hawthorn) is a cardiotonic herb widely used for supporting cardiovascular health, improving cardiac function, reducing blood pressure, and treating mild heart failure. It contains flavonoids and oligomeric procyanidins that may exert antioxidant, vasodilatory, and antiarrhythmic effects. - **Salix alba** (white willow) is a traditional source of salicin, a precursor to salicylic acid, with analgesic (pain-relieving), anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic (fever-reducing) properties. It acts through inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX), similar to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This combination is typically marketed as a *natural calming, cardiotonic, and anti-inflammatory remedy*, often in dietary supplements or herbal preparations for relief of anxiety, mild pain, stress, sleep disorders, mild circulatory problems, or menopausal symptoms.

Brand names

Passiflora Crataegus

Other names

passionflower + hawthorn + white willow