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PD-1 and ACE2 Knockout T Cells is an autologous cell therapy developed for inducing long-term immunity in COVID-19 patients. This therapy involves genetically modifying a patient's own T cells using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to knock out two specific genes: Programmed cell death protein 1 (PDCD1), which encodes the PD-1 protein, and the Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) gene. The rationale behind knocking out PD-1 is to prevent T-cell exhaustion, a state where T cells lose their ability to effectively fight viruses due to prolonged exposure. Knocking out ACE2 aims to make the T cells resistant to direct infection by SARS-CoV-2, as ACE2 is the primary receptor the virus uses for cell entry. The modified T cells are expanded ex vivo and then re-infused into the patient, with the goal of enhancing their antiviral function and providing sustained protection against COVID-19.
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