PD-1 inhibitor + GM-CSF + IL-2

This therapeutic regimen is an investigational combination immunotherapy protocol consisting of a Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF), and Interleukin-2 (IL-2). Developed and evaluated by the **Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University**, the regimen is typically administered in conjunction with hypofractionated radiotherapy for the treatment of advanced refractory solid tumors. The mechanism of action is designed to leverage the abscopal effect: radiotherapy induces local tumor cell death and the release of tumor-associated antigens; GM-CSF is administered to recruit and mature dendritic cells for enhanced antigen presentation; IL-2 promotes the proliferation and activation of effector T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells; and the PD-1 inhibitor reverses T-cell exhaustion by blocking inhibitory signaling. This multi-modal approach aims to trigger a robust, systemic anti-tumor immune response in patients who have failed standard-of-care therapies.

Other names

PD-1 inhibitor sequential GM-CSF and IL-2PD1 inhibitor sequential GM-CSF and IL-2PD 1 inhibitor sequential GM-CSF and IL-2Hypofractionated radiotherapy combined with PD-1 inhibitor sequential GM-CSF and IL-2