PD-1 inhibitor + recombinant human endostatin

This is a combination therapy consisting of a programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor, an immune checkpoint inhibitor that blocks the PD-1 pathway to enhance T-cell mediated anti-tumor immunity, and recombinant human endostatin, a synthetic form of the endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor endostatin. Recombinant human endostatin inhibits tumor neovascularization by targeting endothelial cells in newly formed blood vessels, thereby suppressing tumor growth and metastasis. The combination has been studied primarily as first-line treatment for advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma subtypes. Clinical studies have shown that this regimen improves objective response rate, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival compared to monotherapy or chemotherapy alone, with an acceptable safety profile[1][2][3][5][7]. The synergistic effect is attributed to enhanced anti-tumor immunity from PD-1 blockade combined with disruption of the tumor microenvironment via inhibition of angiogenesis by recombinant human endostatin.