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peanut oral immunotherapy
- Development stage
- Phase 2
- Lead developer
- Aimmune Therapeutics
- Modality
- Sublingual Immunotherapy → Allergy Immunotherapy → Therapeutic Vaccines → Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Subcutaneous Immunotherapy → Allergy Immunotherapy → Therapeutic Vaccines → Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
- Administration
- Oral
01
Overview
Peanut Oral Immunotherapy (OIT) is a therapeutic approach for the treatment of peanut allergy designed to induce clinical desensitization. The process involves the daily ingestion of peanut protein, starting with minute, sub-threshold quantities and gradually escalating to a maintenance dose. This repeated exposure aims to modulate the immune system, shifting the response from a Th2-mediated allergic pathway toward a state of tolerance. Immunological changes typically include an increase in peanut-specific IgG4 antibodies, a decrease in the IgE/IgG4 ratio, and reduced basophil and mast cell reactivity. While various protocols exist, the first standardized product, Palforzia (AR101), was approved by the FDA in 2020. OIT is also being investigated in combination with biologics, such as the anti-TSLP antibody tezepelumab or the anti-IgE antibody omalizumab, to enhance safety and the rate of sustained unresponsiveness.
- Brand names
- Palforzia
- Other names
- Peanut OITPeanut desensitizationPeanut allergen powderPeanut (Arachis hypogaea) allergen powder-dnfp
02
Targets
High affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor (FcεRI) complexed with peanut-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE)BCR (Immunoglobulin G B Cell Receptor)TCR (T cell antigen receptor complex)
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