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pembrolizumab + BCG
- Development stage
- Unknown
- Lead developer
- Merck
- Modality
- Defined Consortia → Multi-strain Products → Live Biotherapeutic Products → Microbiome Therapeutics, Microbial Metabolites → Microbiome-Derived Products → Microbiome Therapeutics, Synthetic Biology Platforms → Engineered Microbial Therapeutics → Microbiome Therapeutics, Fresh FMT → Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) → Microbiome Therapeutics, Genetically Modified Bacteria → Engineered Microbial Therapeutics → Microbiome Therapeutics, Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Yeast Strains → Single Strain Products → Live Biotherapeutic Products → Microbiome Therapeutics, Frozen FMT → Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) → Microbiome Therapeutics, Bacterial Strains → Single Strain Products → Live Biotherapeutic Products → Microbiome Therapeutics, Microbial Proteins → Microbiome-Derived Products → Microbiome Therapeutics, Monoclonal Antibodies → Antibody-Based Therapeutics, Complex Communities → Multi-strain Products → Live Biotherapeutic Products → Microbiome Therapeutics
- Administration
- Intravenous, Intravesical
01
Overview
Pembrolizumab + BCG is a combination therapy under investigation for the treatment of high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), particularly in patients with persistent, recurrent, or BCG-unresponsive disease. Pembrolizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets the programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor on T cells, blocking its interaction with PD-L1 and PD-L2 ligands to enhance anti-tumor immune responses. Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) is an attenuated live vaccine strain of Mycobacterium bovis used intravesically as immunotherapy for NMIBC; it stimulates local immune activation within the bladder wall. The rationale for combining these agents stems from evidence that aberrant PD-1 signaling may contribute to resistance against BCG therapy and tumor recurrence. Early-phase clinical trials have demonstrated that this combination can be administered safely and may improve complete response rates compared to BCG alone[4][5][6][8]. Ongoing phase III studies are evaluating efficacy and safety in larger patient populations.
- Brand names
- Keytruda
- Other names
- Bacillus Calmette–GuérinBacillus Calmette-Guerin
02
Targets
PDCD1 (Programmed cell death protein 1 receptor)PRR (Pattern recognition receptors)
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