petunidin

Petunidin is an O-methylated anthocyanidin, a natural plant pigment found in various berries, red grapes, and other pigmented plants. It belongs to the class of flavonoids and is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In oncological research, petunidin has been investigated for its ability to inhibit the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells. Its mechanism of action involves the down-regulation of mesenchymal markers such as fibronectin and snail, as well as the inhibition of Smad2 phosphorylation and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, including ERK and JNK. While petunidin demonstrates potential anti-metastatic and chemopreventive effects in preclinical models, it is primarily recognized as a dietary polyphenol and nutraceutical rather than a clinical-stage pharmaceutical drug.

Other names

petunidin chloride3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxy-5'-methoxyflavylium