phenylethylamine

Phenylethylamine (PEA) is a naturally occurring trace amine and monoamine alkaloid that functions as a central nervous system stimulant and neuromodulator. Biosynthesized from the amino acid L-phenylalanine, it is structurally related to amphetamine and is found in various fermented foods, chocolate, and is produced by certain gut microbiota. Its primary mechanism of action involves acting as a potent agonist at the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1), which leads to the increased release and inhibited reuptake of catecholamines, specifically dopamine and norepinephrine. Due to its rapid metabolism by monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), its systemic half-life is typically very short unless co-administered with an inhibitor. PEA is widely marketed as a dietary supplement for mood enhancement, cognitive focus, and weight loss. In clinical research, it is also investigated as a biomarker for metabolic and neurological disturbances, including rheumatoid arthritis and pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Other names

2-phenylethylaminebeta-phenylethylaminePEAbenzeneethanamine